Differential associations of dietary patterns with estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk in diabetes subtypes Weber, Katharina S. Schlesinger, Sabrina Lang, Alexander Goletzke, Janina Övermöhle, Cara Strathmann, Eike A. Straßburger, Klaus Singh, Nitika Zaharia, Oana-Patricia Trenkamp, Sandra Wagner, Robert Lieb, Wolfgang Buyken, Anette Roden, Michael Herder, Christian Al-Hasani, H. Belgardt, B. Bönhof, G.J. Geerling, G. Icks, A. Jandeleit-Dahm, K. Kuß, O. Lammert, E. Schlesinger, S. Schrauwen-Hinderling, V. Szendroedi, J. Trenkamp, Sandra <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> Diet impacts cardiovascular disease risk, but the association across diabetes subtypes is unclear. We thus aimed to assess the association between dietary factors and estimated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk across diabetes subtypes in the German Diabetes Study (GDS). Participants with recent-onset diabetes and from the 5-year follow-up examination were combined (n=635, mean age 47.5±12.9 years, 60% male) and classified into diabetes subtypes. Subtypes with prevalence &gt;10% were included in cross-sectional analyses: severe autoimmune diabetes (39%), mild obesity-related diabetes (31%), and mild age-related diabetes (30%). Carbohydrate quality parameters and adherence to dietary patterns were assessed from food frequency questionnaires. Differences in associations between these dietary factors and 10-year cardiovascular risk estimated by SCORE2-Diabetes across subtypes were examined using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models including an interaction term. In people with severe autoimmune diabetes, the overall and the healthful plant-based diet index were associated with lower estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk (ß [95% CI] -6.8 [-12.1; -1.2] and -8.8% [-14.0; -3.2] per 1-standard deviation increases, respectively), while these associations were not evident among the remaining two subtypes (p-value for interaction between subtypes &lt;0.05). Our findings suggest subtype-specific associations of plant-based dietary patterns with estimated cardiovascular risk, warranting further research from longitudinal and intervention studies. <jats:bold>Trial registration:</jats:bold> Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01055093 </jats:p> Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2026 info:eu-repo/semantics/article doc-type:article text http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 https://ris.uni-paderborn.de/record/67282 Weber KS, Schlesinger S, Lang A, et al. Differential associations of dietary patterns with estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk in diabetes subtypes. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. 2026;16(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-57026-y">10.1038/s41598-026-57026-y</a> eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41598-026-57026-y info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2045-2322 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess