article published Meike Claudia Wohlleben author 439910009-0009-9767-7168 Jill Mercedes Linneweber author 57639https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1910-358X Jan Schütte author 221090000-0001-9025-9742 Walter Sextro author 21220 151 department <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p>Hybrid modeling aims to combine physical and data‐driven models to increase simulation accuracy without losing physical interpretability. In the context of dynamic mechanical systems, this enables the compensation of modeling inaccuracies that arise from simplifications, missing effects, or uncertain parameters. In this work, a hybrid model is used as a starting point, in which the discrepancy between simulation and measurement is learned and compensated by a data‐driven correction element. To integrate such models into commercial multibody simulation software like Adams or Simpack, the formulation is adapted to operate directly on the force level. This allows implementation via standard co‐simulation interfaces without modifying the system's differential equations or solvers. The method is demonstrated using a three‐mass oscillator with synthetic measurement data. Results show that the coupled simulation works reliably and that the hybrid model significantly improves accuracy while remaining compatible with established industrial simulation workflows.</jats:p> Wiley2026 eng 1617-7061 1617-706110.1002/pamm.70215 264 M. C. Wohlleben, J. M. Linneweber, J. Schütte, and W. Sextro, “Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach,” <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</i>, vol. 26, no. 4, Art. no. e70215, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">10.1002/pamm.70215</a>. Wohlleben, M. C., Linneweber, J. M., Schütte, J., &#38; Sextro, W. (2026). Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach. <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</i>, <i>26</i>(4), Article e70215. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215</a> M.C. Wohlleben, J.M. Linneweber, J. Schütte, W. Sextro, Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 26 (2026). Wohlleben, Meike Claudia, Jill Mercedes Linneweber, Jan Schütte, and Walter Sextro. “Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach.” <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</i> 26, no. 4 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215</a>. Wohlleben, Meike Claudia, et al. “Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach.” <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</i>, vol. 26, no. 4, e70215, Wiley, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">10.1002/pamm.70215</a>. @article{Wohlleben_Linneweber_Schütte_Sextro_2026, title={Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach}, volume={26}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">10.1002/pamm.70215</a>}, number={4e70215}, journal={Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wohlleben, Meike Claudia and Linneweber, Jill Mercedes and Schütte, Jan and Sextro, Walter}, year={2026} } Wohlleben MC, Linneweber JM, Schütte J, Sextro W. Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach. <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</i>. 2026;26(4). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">10.1002/pamm.70215</a> 672942026-10-01T08:31:35Z2026-10-01T09:06:26Z