---
_id: '67294'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>Hybrid modeling
    aims to combine physical and data‐driven models to increase simulation accuracy
    without losing physical interpretability. In the context of dynamic mechanical
    systems, this enables the compensation of modeling inaccuracies that arise from
    simplifications, missing effects, or uncertain parameters. In this work, a hybrid
    model is used as a starting point, in which the discrepancy between simulation
    and measurement is learned and compensated by a data‐driven correction element.
    To integrate such models into commercial multibody simulation software like Adams
    or Simpack, the formulation is adapted to operate directly on the force level.
    This allows implementation via standard co‐simulation interfaces without modifying
    the system's differential equations or solvers. The method is demonstrated using
    a three‐mass oscillator with synthetic measurement data. Results show that the
    coupled simulation works reliably and that the hybrid model significantly improves
    accuracy while remaining compatible with established industrial simulation workflows.</jats:p>"
article_number: e70215
author:
- first_name: Meike Claudia
  full_name: Wohlleben, Meike Claudia
  id: '43991'
  last_name: Wohlleben
  orcid: 0009-0009-9767-7168
- first_name: Jill Mercedes
  full_name: Linneweber, Jill Mercedes
  id: '57639'
  last_name: Linneweber
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1910-358X
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Schütte, Jan
  id: '22109'
  last_name: Schütte
  orcid: 0000-0001-9025-9742
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Wohlleben MC, Linneweber JM, Schütte J, Sextro W. Enabling Hybrid Modeling
    in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach. <i>Proceedings in Applied
    Mathematics and Mechanics</i>. 2026;26(4). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">10.1002/pamm.70215</a>'
  apa: 'Wohlleben, M. C., Linneweber, J. M., Schütte, J., &#38; Sextro, W. (2026).
    Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach. <i>Proceedings
    in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</i>, <i>26</i>(4), Article e70215. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Wohlleben_Linneweber_Schütte_Sextro_2026, title={Enabling Hybrid
    Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach}, volume={26}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">10.1002/pamm.70215</a>}, number={4e70215},
    journal={Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics}, publisher={Wiley},
    author={Wohlleben, Meike Claudia and Linneweber, Jill Mercedes and Schütte, Jan
    and Sextro, Walter}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: 'Wohlleben, Meike Claudia, Jill Mercedes Linneweber, Jan Schütte, and Walter
    Sextro. “Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach.”
    <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</i> 26, no. 4 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. C. Wohlleben, J. M. Linneweber, J. Schütte, and W. Sextro, “Enabling Hybrid
    Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach,” <i>Proceedings in
    Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</i>, vol. 26, no. 4, Art. no. e70215, 2026,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">10.1002/pamm.70215</a>.'
  mla: 'Wohlleben, Meike Claudia, et al. “Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS
    Software: A Force‐Level Approach.” <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</i>,
    vol. 26, no. 4, e70215, Wiley, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.70215">10.1002/pamm.70215</a>.'
  short: M.C. Wohlleben, J.M. Linneweber, J. Schütte, W. Sextro, Proceedings in Applied
    Mathematics and Mechanics 26 (2026).
date_created: 2026-10-01T08:31:35Z
date_updated: 2026-10-01T09:06:26Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1002/pamm.70215
intvolume: '        26'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1617-7061
  - 1617-7061
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
status: public
title: 'Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force‐Level Approach'
type: journal_article
user_id: '43991'
volume: 26
year: '2026'
...