Resilience-by-design: maturity model for assessing the resilience capabilities of automotive systems architecture in the concept phase <jats:title>ABSTRACT:</jats:title> <jats:p>Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) are increasingly complex, making resilience hard to guarantee. Resilience means maintaining functionality and availability despite disruptions while ensuring safety. Designing a resilient system requires system-level analysis early in the concept phase to identify and mitigate risks, thereby securing reliability and availability. This paper introduces the Automotive Resilience Maturity Model (ARMM), which evaluates automotive systems’ resilience levels based on their system architecture.</jats:p> 6 2821-2830 2821-2830 Cambridge University Press (CUP)