---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Computing-in-Memory using DRAM (CIMD) has demonstrated substantial energy and
    throughput gains for memory-bound workloads consisting of bulk-bitwise operations,
    by performing computation directly within DRAM subarrays. Realizing CIMD, however,
    requires a redesign of the memory controller and careful mapping of operands onto
    the memory arrays. Presently, accurate FPGA-based testbeds exist but they are
    costly and labor-intensive, while open-source simulators are largely trace-based
    and cannot execute full application runs. The only full-application CIMD simulator
    available, included with MIMDRAM [1], is built on an outdated version of gem5
    and its toolchains. We present gem5-CIMD, a full-system CIMD simulation framework
    built on the latest gem5 simulation framework. We extend the simulated instruction
    set from four bitwise operations to sixteen CIM instructions spanning arithmetic,
    relational, conditional, and utility operations across a range of data types and
    bitwidths (4 to 64 bits) . A complete memory-management stack – comprising multi-level
    huge-page support, a CIM-aware allocator, and a subarray-aware address-mapping
    scheme – ensures that CIM operands are co-located in the same DRAM subarray. In
    addition, gem5-CIMD is aware of the DRAM refresh interval and faithfully models
    and schedules the mandatory refresh operations when needed. We provide a CIM standard
    library intended as a compiler target and evaluate gem5-CIMD on multiple case
    studies including an end-to-end KNN workload. The simulator sources, including
    the evaluated workloads, are available at https://github.com/tud-ccc/gem5-CIMD.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Alexander
      foaf_name: Kusnezoff, Alexander
      foaf_surname: Kusnezoff
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: João Paulo Cardoso De
      foaf_name: Lima, João Paulo Cardoso De
      foaf_surname: Lima
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jeronimo
      foaf_name: Castrillon, Jeronimo
      foaf_surname: Castrillon
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Asif Ali
      foaf_name: Khan, Asif Ali
      foaf_surname: Khan
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_publisher: IEEE@
  dct_title: A gem5-based Simulation Framework for Computing-in-DRAM@
...