conference paper published Jeffrey Spaan author Kuan-Hsun Chen author 1284640000-0002-7110-921X Ana-Lucia Varbanescu author ACM2026 eng 10.1145/3801487.3801822 Spaan, Jeffrey, et al. “How Much Energy Is Wasted in LLM Operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS.” <i>Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers</i>, ACM, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">10.1145/3801487.3801822</a>. Spaan J, Chen K-H, Varbanescu A-L. How Much Energy Is Wasted in LLM operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS. In: <i>Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers</i>. ACM; 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">10.1145/3801487.3801822</a> @inproceedings{Spaan_Chen_Varbanescu_2026, title={How Much Energy Is Wasted in LLM operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">10.1145/3801487.3801822</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers}, publisher={ACM}, author={Spaan, Jeffrey and Chen, Kuan-Hsun and Varbanescu, Ana-Lucia}, year={2026} } Spaan, J., Chen, K.-H., &#38; Varbanescu, A.-L. (2026). How Much Energy Is Wasted in LLM operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS. <i>Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822</a> J. Spaan, K.-H. Chen, and A.-L. Varbanescu, “How Much Energy Is Wasted in LLM operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS,” 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">10.1145/3801487.3801822</a>. Spaan, Jeffrey, Kuan-Hsun Chen, and Ana-Lucia Varbanescu. “How Much Energy Is Wasted in LLM Operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS.” In <i>Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers</i>. ACM, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822</a>. J. Spaan, K.-H. Chen, A.-L. Varbanescu, in: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers, ACM, 2026. 675012026-10-12T20:22:04Z2026-10-12T20:22:20Z