---
_id: '67501'
author:
- first_name: Jeffrey
  full_name: Spaan, Jeffrey
  last_name: Spaan
- first_name: Kuan-Hsun
  full_name: Chen, Kuan-Hsun
  id: '128464'
  last_name: Chen
  orcid: 0000-0002-7110-921X
- first_name: Ana-Lucia
  full_name: Varbanescu, Ana-Lucia
  last_name: Varbanescu
citation:
  ama: 'Spaan J, Chen K-H, Varbanescu A-L. How Much Energy Is Wasted in LLM operations?
    Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS. In: <i>Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International
    Conference on Computing Frontiers</i>. ACM; 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">10.1145/3801487.3801822</a>'
  apa: Spaan, J., Chen, K.-H., &#38; Varbanescu, A.-L. (2026). How Much Energy Is
    Wasted in LLM operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS. <i>Proceedings of the
    23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Spaan_Chen_Varbanescu_2026, title={How Much Energy Is Wasted
    in LLM operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">10.1145/3801487.3801822</a>},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers},
    publisher={ACM}, author={Spaan, Jeffrey and Chen, Kuan-Hsun and Varbanescu, Ana-Lucia},
    year={2026} }'
  chicago: Spaan, Jeffrey, Kuan-Hsun Chen, and Ana-Lucia Varbanescu. “How Much Energy
    Is Wasted in LLM Operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS.” In <i>Proceedings
    of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers</i>. ACM, 2026.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822</a>.
  ieee: 'J. Spaan, K.-H. Chen, and A.-L. Varbanescu, “How Much Energy Is Wasted in
    LLM operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS,” 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">10.1145/3801487.3801822</a>.'
  mla: Spaan, Jeffrey, et al. “How Much Energy Is Wasted in LLM Operations? Evidence
    from Kernel-Level DVFS.” <i>Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference
    on Computing Frontiers</i>, ACM, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801822">10.1145/3801487.3801822</a>.
  short: 'J. Spaan, K.-H. Chen, A.-L. Varbanescu, in: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM
    International Conference on Computing Frontiers, ACM, 2026.'
date_created: 2026-10-12T20:22:04Z
date_updated: 2026-10-12T20:22:20Z
doi: 10.1145/3801487.3801822
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
status: public
title: How Much Energy Is Wasted in LLM operations? Evidence from Kernel-Level DVFS
type: conference
user_id: '128464'
year: '2026'
...