Structural characterization of cubic and hexagonal GaN thin films grown by IBA–MBE on SiC/Si

Buried ion beam synthesized 3C-SiC layers were revealed to the surface of silicon wafers to provide lattice matched substrates for GaN thin film epitaxy. Both epitaxial SiC/Si(1 1 1) and SiC/Si(0 0 1) growth surfaces with either six- or four-fold crystal symmetry, respectively, were formed. GaN thin film growth was achieved by ion beam assisted molecular beam epitaxy (IBA–MBE) which – owing to the energy and momentum transfer of the ions – allows to deposit epitaxial thin films at particularly low growth temperatures where both the stable hexagonal and the metastable cubic polytype of GaN can be formed. It is shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) that using appropriate fluxes of Ga atoms both purely hexagonal and purely cubic GaN films can be grown epitaxially on SiC/Si(1 1 1) and SiC/Si(0 0 1), respectively. Thereby Ga rich growth conditions seem to stabilize the formation of the cubic polytype. It is obvious from XTEM studies that the high density of crystal defects in the SiC layer is not transferred onto the growing GaN films and that the crystalline quality of GaN films improves with increasing film thickness. The influence of surface roughness and wettability, interfacial cavities and the nucleation of twin-type defects at the GaN/SiC interface on the crystalline quality of the GaN thin films is discussed.