Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations

H. Buschmeier, H.M. Buhl, F. Kern, A. Grimminger, H. Beierling, J. Fisher, A. Groß, I. Horwath, N. Klowait, S. Lazarov, M. Lenke, V. Lohmer, K. Rohlfing, I. Scharlau, A. Singh, L. Terfloth, A.-L. Vollmer, Y. Wang, A. Wilmes, B. Wrede, ArXiv:2311.08760 (2023).

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Buschmeier, Hendrik; Buhl, Heike M.; Kern, Friederike; Grimminger, Angela; Beierling, Helen; Fisher, Josephine; Groß, André; Horwath, Ilona; Klowait, Nils; Lazarov, Stefan; Lenke, Michael; Lohmer, Vivien
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Abstract
Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better) 'understanding' on the part of the explainee. However, what it means to 'understand' is still not clearly defined, and the concept itself is rarely the subject of scientific investigation. This conceptual article aims to present a model of forms of understanding in the context of XAI and beyond. From an interdisciplinary perspective bringing together computer science, linguistics, sociology, and psychology, a definition of understanding and its forms, assessment, and dynamics during the process of giving everyday explanations are explored. Two types of understanding are considered as possible outcomes of explanations, namely enabledness, 'knowing how' to do or decide something, and comprehension, 'knowing that' -- both in different degrees (from shallow to deep). Explanations regularly start with shallow understanding in a specific domain and can lead to deep comprehension and enabledness of the explanandum, which we see as a prerequisite for human users to gain agency. In this process, the increase of comprehension and enabledness are highly interdependent. Against the background of this systematization, special challenges of understanding in XAI are discussed.
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arXiv:2311.08760
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Buschmeier H, Buhl HM, Kern F, et al. Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations. arXiv:231108760. Published online 2023.
Buschmeier, H., Buhl, H. M., Kern, F., Grimminger, A., Beierling, H., Fisher, J., Groß, A., Horwath, I., Klowait, N., Lazarov, S., Lenke, M., Lohmer, V., Rohlfing, K., Scharlau, I., Singh, A., Terfloth, L., Vollmer, A.-L., Wang, Y., Wilmes, A., & Wrede, B. (2023). Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations. In arXiv:2311.08760.
@article{Buschmeier_Buhl_Kern_Grimminger_Beierling_Fisher_Groß_Horwath_Klowait_Lazarov_et al._2023, title={Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations}, journal={arXiv:2311.08760}, author={Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buhl, Heike M. and Kern, Friederike and Grimminger, Angela and Beierling, Helen and Fisher, Josephine and Groß, André and Horwath, Ilona and Klowait, Nils and Lazarov, Stefan and et al.}, year={2023} }
Buschmeier, Hendrik, Heike M. Buhl, Friederike Kern, Angela Grimminger, Helen Beierling, Josephine Fisher, André Groß, et al. “Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations.” ArXiv:2311.08760, 2023.
H. Buschmeier et al., “Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations,” arXiv:2311.08760. 2023.
Buschmeier, Hendrik, et al. “Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations.” ArXiv:2311.08760, 2023.

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