Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence

C. Jimenez-Romero, A. Yegenoglu, C. Blum, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 8 (2025).

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Journal Article | Published | English
Author
Jimenez-Romero, Cristian; Yegenoglu, AlperLibreCat ; Blum, Christian
Abstract
<jats:p>This work examines the integration of large language models (LLMs) into multi-agent simulations by replacing the hard-coded programs of agents with LLM-driven prompts. The proposed approach is showcased in the context of two examples of complex systems from the field of swarm intelligence: ant colony foraging and bird flocking. Central to this study is a toolchain that integrates LLMs with the NetLogo simulation platform, leveraging its Python extension to enable communication with GPT-4o via the OpenAI API. This toolchain facilitates prompt-driven behavior generation, allowing agents to respond adaptively to environmental data. For both example applications mentioned above, we employ both structured, rule-based prompts and autonomous, knowledge-driven prompts. Our work demonstrates how this toolchain enables LLMs to study self-organizing processes and induce emergent behaviors within multi-agent environments, paving the way for new approaches to exploring intelligent systems and modeling swarm intelligence inspired by natural phenomena. We provide the code, including simulation files and data at <jats:ext-link>https://github.com/crjimene/swarm_gpt</jats:ext-link>.</jats:p>
Publishing Year
Journal Title
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
Volume
8
Article Number
1593017
ISSN
LibreCat-ID

Cite this

Jimenez-Romero C, Yegenoglu A, Blum C. Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 2025;8. doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1593017
Jimenez-Romero, C., Yegenoglu, A., & Blum, C. (2025). Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 8, Article 1593017. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1593017
@article{Jimenez-Romero_Yegenoglu_Blum_2025, title={Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence}, volume={8}, DOI={10.3389/frai.2025.1593017}, number={1593017}, journal={Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Jimenez-Romero, Cristian and Yegenoglu, Alper and Blum, Christian}, year={2025} }
Jimenez-Romero, Cristian, Alper Yegenoglu, and Christian Blum. “Multi-Agent Systems Powered by Large Language Models: Applications in Swarm Intelligence.” Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 8 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1593017.
C. Jimenez-Romero, A. Yegenoglu, and C. Blum, “Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence,” Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 8, Art. no. 1593017, 2025, doi: 10.3389/frai.2025.1593017.
Jimenez-Romero, Cristian, et al. “Multi-Agent Systems Powered by Large Language Models: Applications in Swarm Intelligence.” Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 8, 1593017, Frontiers Media SA, 2025, doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1593017.

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