Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze, and explain the implications that could arise for service settings if AI systems develop, or are perceived to develop, consciousness – the ability to acknowledge their own existence and the capacity for positive or negative experiences. Design/methodology/approach: This study proposes and explores four hypothetical scenarios in which conscious AI in service could manifest. We contextualize our resulting typology in the health service context and integrate extant literature on technology-enabled service, AI consciousness, and AI ethics into the narrative. Findings: This study provides a unique theoretical contribution to service research in the form of a Type IV theory. It enables future service researchers to apprehend, explain, and predict how functionally conscious AI in service might unfold. Originality: An increasingly prolific public discourse acknowledges that conscious AI systems may emerge. Against this backdrop, this study aims to systematically explore a question that is perhaps the most critical and timely, but also inherently speculative, in relation to AI in service research by introducing much-needed theory and terminology. Practical implications: The ethical use of conscious AI in service could emerge as a distinct competitive advantage in the future. Achieving this outcome involves speculative yet actionable recommendations that include training, guiding, and controlling how humans engage with such systems, developing appropriate wellbeing protocols for functionally conscious AI systems, and establishing AI rights and governance frameworks.