Revealing the origin of the beneficial effect of cesium in highly efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

P. Schöppe, S. Schönherr, M. Chugh, H. Mirhosseini, P. Jackson, R. Wuerz, M. Ritzer, A. Johannes, G. Martínez-Criado, W. Wisniewski, T. Schwarz, C. T. Plass, M. Hafermann, T. Kühne, C. S. Schnohr, C. Ronning, Nano Energy 71 (2020) 104622.

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Journal Article | English
Author
Schöppe, Philipp; Schönherr, Sven; Chugh, ManjushaLibreCat; Mirhosseini, HosseinLibreCat ; Jackson, Philip; Wuerz, Roland; Ritzer, Maurizio; Johannes, Andreas; Martínez-Criado, Gema; Wisniewski, Wolfgang; Schwarz, Torsten; T. Plass, Christian
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Abstract
The record conversion efficiency of thin-film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorbers has exceeded 23%. Such a high performance is currently only attainable by the incorporation of heavy alkali metals like Cs into the absorber through an alkali fluoride post-deposition treatment (PDT). As the effect of the incorporated heavy alkali metals is under discussion, we investigated the local composition and microstructure of high efficiency CIGS solar cells via various high-resolution techniques in a combinatory approach. An accumulation of Cs is clearly detected at the p-n junction along with variations in the local CIGS composition, showing the formation of a beneficial secondary phase with a laterally inhomogeneous distribution. Additionally, Cs accumulations were detected at grain boundaries with a random misorientation of the adjacent grains where a reduced Cu concentration and increased In and Se concentrations are detected. No accumulation was found at Σ3 twin boundaries as well as the grain interior. These experimental findings are in excellent agreement with complementary ab-initio calculations, demonstrating that the grain boundaries are passivated by the presence of Cs. Further, it is unlikely that Cs with its large ionic radius is incorporated into the CIGS grains where it would cause detrimental defects.
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Journal Title
Nano Energy
Volume
71
Page
104622
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Schöppe P, Schönherr S, Chugh M, et al. Revealing the origin of the beneficial effect of cesium in highly efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Nano Energy. 2020;71:104622. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104622
Schöppe, P., Schönherr, S., Chugh, M., Mirhosseini, H., Jackson, P., Wuerz, R., Ritzer, M., Johannes, A., Martínez-Criado, G., Wisniewski, W., Schwarz, T., T. Plass, C., Hafermann, M., Kühne, T., S. Schnohr, C., & Ronning, C. (2020). Revealing the origin of the beneficial effect of cesium in highly efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Nano Energy, 71, 104622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104622
@article{Schöppe_Schönherr_Chugh_Mirhosseini_Jackson_Wuerz_Ritzer_Johannes_Martínez-Criado_Wisniewski_et al._2020, title={Revealing the origin of the beneficial effect of cesium in highly efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells}, volume={71}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104622}, journal={Nano Energy}, author={Schöppe, Philipp and Schönherr, Sven and Chugh, Manjusha and Mirhosseini, Hossein and Jackson, Philip and Wuerz, Roland and Ritzer, Maurizio and Johannes, Andreas and Martínez-Criado, Gema and Wisniewski, Wolfgang and et al.}, year={2020}, pages={104622} }
Schöppe, Philipp, Sven Schönherr, Manjusha Chugh, Hossein Mirhosseini, Philip Jackson, Roland Wuerz, Maurizio Ritzer, et al. “Revealing the Origin of the Beneficial Effect of Cesium in Highly Efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells.” Nano Energy 71 (2020): 104622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104622.
P. Schöppe et al., “Revealing the origin of the beneficial effect of cesium in highly efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells,” Nano Energy, vol. 71, p. 104622, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104622.
Schöppe, Philipp, et al. “Revealing the Origin of the Beneficial Effect of Cesium in Highly Efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells.” Nano Energy, vol. 71, 2020, p. 104622, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104622.

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