Integration of Multijunction Absorbers and Catalysts for Efficient Solar‐Driven Artificial Leaf Structures: A Physical and Materials Science Perspective

T. Hannappel, S. Shekarabi, W. Jaegermann, E. Runge, J.P. Hofmann, R. van de Krol, M.M. May, A. Paszuk, F. Hess, A. Bergmann, A. Bund, C. Cierpka, C. Dreßler, F. Dionigi, D. Friedrich, M. Favaro, S. Krischok, M. Kurniawan, K. Lüdge, Y. Lei, B. Roldán Cuenya, P. Schaaf, R. Schmidt‐Grund, W.G. Schmidt, P. Strasser, E. Unger, M.F. Vasquez Montoya, D. Wang, H. Zhang, Solar RRL 8 (2024).

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Journal Article | Published | English
Author
Hannappel, Thomas; Shekarabi, Sahar; Jaegermann, Wolfram; Runge, Erich; Hofmann, Jan Philipp; van de Krol, Roel; May, Matthias M.; Paszuk, Agnieszka; Hess, Franziska; Bergmann, Arno; Bund, Andreas; Cierpka, Christian
All
Abstract
<jats:p> Artificial leaves could be the breakthrough technology to overcome the limitations of storage and mobility through the synthesis of chemical fuels from sunlight, which will be an essential component of a sustainable future energy system. However, the realization of efficient solar‐driven artificial leaf structures requires integrated specialized materials such as semiconductor absorbers, catalysts, interfacial passivation, and contact layers. To date, no competitive system has emerged due to a lack of scientific understanding, knowledge‐based design rules, and scalable engineering strategies. Herein, competitive artificial leaf devices for water splitting, focusing on multiabsorber structures to achieve solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiencies exceeding 15%, are discussed. A key challenge is integrating photovoltaic and electrochemical functionalities in a single device. Additionally, optimal electrocatalysts for intermittent operation at photocurrent densities of 10–20 mA cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> must be immobilized on the absorbers with specifically designed interfacial passivation and contact layers, so‐called buried junctions. This minimizes voltage and current losses and prevents corrosive side reactions. Key challenges include understanding elementary steps, identifying suitable materials, and developing synthesis and processing techniques for all integrated components. This is crucial for efficient, robust, and scalable devices. Herein, corresponding research efforts to produce green hydrogen with unassisted solar‐driven (photo‐)electrochemical devices are discussed and reported.</jats:p>
Publishing Year
Journal Title
Solar RRL
Volume
8
Issue
11
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Hannappel T, Shekarabi S, Jaegermann W, et al. Integration of Multijunction Absorbers and Catalysts for Efficient Solar‐Driven Artificial Leaf Structures: A Physical and Materials Science Perspective. Solar RRL. 2024;8(11). doi:10.1002/solr.202301047
Hannappel, T., Shekarabi, S., Jaegermann, W., Runge, E., Hofmann, J. P., van de Krol, R., May, M. M., Paszuk, A., Hess, F., Bergmann, A., Bund, A., Cierpka, C., Dreßler, C., Dionigi, F., Friedrich, D., Favaro, M., Krischok, S., Kurniawan, M., Lüdge, K., … Zhang, H. (2024). Integration of Multijunction Absorbers and Catalysts for Efficient Solar‐Driven Artificial Leaf Structures: A Physical and Materials Science Perspective. Solar RRL, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202301047
@article{Hannappel_Shekarabi_Jaegermann_Runge_Hofmann_van de Krol_May_Paszuk_Hess_Bergmann_et al._2024, title={Integration of Multijunction Absorbers and Catalysts for Efficient Solar‐Driven Artificial Leaf Structures: A Physical and Materials Science Perspective}, volume={8}, DOI={10.1002/solr.202301047}, number={11}, journal={Solar RRL}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Hannappel, Thomas and Shekarabi, Sahar and Jaegermann, Wolfram and Runge, Erich and Hofmann, Jan Philipp and van de Krol, Roel and May, Matthias M. and Paszuk, Agnieszka and Hess, Franziska and Bergmann, Arno and et al.}, year={2024} }
Hannappel, Thomas, Sahar Shekarabi, Wolfram Jaegermann, Erich Runge, Jan Philipp Hofmann, Roel van de Krol, Matthias M. May, et al. “Integration of Multijunction Absorbers and Catalysts for Efficient Solar‐Driven Artificial Leaf Structures: A Physical and Materials Science Perspective.” Solar RRL 8, no. 11 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202301047.
T. Hannappel et al., “Integration of Multijunction Absorbers and Catalysts for Efficient Solar‐Driven Artificial Leaf Structures: A Physical and Materials Science Perspective,” Solar RRL, vol. 8, no. 11, 2024, doi: 10.1002/solr.202301047.
Hannappel, Thomas, et al. “Integration of Multijunction Absorbers and Catalysts for Efficient Solar‐Driven Artificial Leaf Structures: A Physical and Materials Science Perspective.” Solar RRL, vol. 8, no. 11, Wiley, 2024, doi:10.1002/solr.202301047.

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